talking guns Archives - Talking Guns

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By Mike Millsap

Ammunition is a crucial component in firearms, and its casing plays a significant role in
determining the overall accuracy, reliability, and longevity of the firearm. When it comes to
centerfire ammunition, two of the most common materials for casings are brass and steel.
While steel-cased ammunition has become a popular, lower-cost option, brass-cased
ammunition continues to dominate the market, especially among enthusiasts, military
personnel, and law enforcement agencies. This article explores the reasons why brass-
cased ammunition is considered superior to steel-cased ammunition in most
circumstances.

Introduction: A Brief Overview of Steel vs. Brass-Cased Ammunition
Ammunition cases, or shell casings, are an essential part of any centerfire cartridge. These
casings house the primer, powder, and projectile, and play a critical role in the firing
process. Historically, brass has been the material of choice for cartridge casings, but in
recent years, manufacturers have begun to use steel as a cost-saving alternative.
Steel-cased ammunition is often favored by budget-conscious shooters due to its lower cost
compared to brass. This is particularly evident in calibers like 9mm, .223 Remington,
7.63×39, and .308 Winchester, where steel-cased ammo is widely available. However, brass
casings have maintained their popularity for several key reasons, including better
performance, durability, and compatibility with a wider variety of firearms.

This article will examine the various factors that contribute to the superiority of brass over
steel, including reliability, performance, ease of reloading, and the overall impact on
firearm longevity.

Material Properties: Comparing Brass and Steel
To understand why brass is generally considered superior to steel for ammunition cases, it
is important to look at the fundamental properties of both materials.

Brass: Composition and Characteristics
Brass is an alloy composed primarily of copper and zinc. It is widely used in ammunition
casings because it possesses a combination of desirable mechanical properties:
• Ductility: Brass is highly ductile, meaning it can be easily shaped without breaking.
This makes it ideal for manufacturing smooth and reliable casings.
• Corrosion Resistance: Brass resists corrosion better than steel, making it more
durable in different environmental conditions.

• Strength and Elasticity: Brass is strong enough to withstand the pressure
generated during firing, but it is also elastic, which means it can expand and contract
without cracking or warping.
• Workability: Brass is relatively easy to machine and form into complex shapes,
making it ideal for mass production of ammunition.

Steel: Composition and Characteristics
Steel, on the other hand, is an alloy made primarily of iron and carbon, with additional
elements such as chromium and manganese. Steel offers several advantages in terms of
strength and hardness but also has some inherent limitations when compared to brass:
• Hardness: Steel is harder than brass, which makes it more resistant to wear.
However, this can be a double-edged sword when used in ammunition cases.
• Brittleness: Steel tends to be more brittle than brass. While it can be very strong, it
is more likely to fracture or crack under extreme pressure or stress.
• Corrosion: Steel is more prone to rusting than brass, especially if it is not properly
coated with a protective layer such as lacquer or polymer.
• Less Ductility: Steel is less ductile than brass, meaning it is harder to shape and
form into the precise specifications required for ammunition cases.
Reliability: How Steel and Brass Perform in Firearms
One of the most important considerations when comparing steel-cased and brass-cased
ammunition is their reliability in firearms. Reliability refers to how well the ammunition
functions during shooting and how often it causes malfunctions, such as jams, misfeeds, or
failures to eject.

Feeding and Ejection
Brass casings are more reliable in feeding and ejecting from firearms due to their ductility
and elasticity. Brass expands when fired, creating a tight seal with the chamber and
preventing gases from leaking around the casing. This results in consistent pressure and a
smoother firing cycle. After firing, brass contracts, allowing it to easily be ejected from the
chamber without binding.

Steel-cased ammunition, however, does not expand and contract in the same way as brass.
Steel is less elastic, so it may not form as tight a seal in the chamber. This can lead to the
“sticking” of the casing inside the chamber, especially in firearms that are not well-
maintained or have tight tolerances. In addition, steel casings are often coated with a
lacquer or polymer finish to prevent rust, which can create additional friction and make
feeding and ejection less smooth.

As a result, steel-cased ammunition is more likely to experience feeding issues and failures
to eject. These malfunctions can be frustrating for shooters, especially in high-stress
situations where reliability is paramount.

Firing Consistency

The consistency of firing is critical for accuracy and performance. Brass casings tend to be
more consistent in terms of dimensions and pressure tolerance. This consistency
contributes to reliable ignition and uniform firing behavior, which is essential for
maintaining accuracy and reducing the likelihood of jams or misfires.

Steel-cased ammunition, while generally reliable, may suffer from less consistency due to
the variations in steel alloy composition, the coating used, and the manufacturing process.
As a result, shooters may experience more variation in the performance of steel-cased
ammo, especially in long-range shooting or high-volume shooting environments.

Impact on Firearm Longevity
The longevity of a firearm is another critical consideration when choosing between steel
and brass-cased ammunition. Over time, repeated use of certain types of ammunition can
affect the wear and tear on a firearm, particularly the chamber and extractor.

Wear and Tear on the Chamber
Brass is more gentle on a firearm’s chamber because it expands and contracts smoothly
during the firing process. The elasticity of brass allows it to create a tight seal in the
chamber without causing excessive friction. This minimizes the wear on the chamber walls
and reduces the risk of excessive buildup of carbon or other residues.
Steel, due to its hardness and brittleness, can cause more wear on the chamber over time.
As steel expands less than brass, it may not form as tight a seal, which can lead to the
buildup of carbon and other debris in the chamber. In addition, steel casings are more
likely to leave behind small fragments of material during the extraction process, leading to
more frequent chamber cleaning and maintenance.

Extractor and Ejector Damage
Steel-cased ammunition can also cause more wear and tear on a firearm’s extractor and
ejector mechanisms. Because steel is harder than brass, it can create more friction during
the extraction process. This additional friction can increase the likelihood of extractor
damage or failure, especially in semi-automatic firearms that require frequent extraction
cycles. Over time, this can lead to malfunctions and more expensive repairs.

In contrast, brass is less abrasive and less likely to cause damage to the extractor or ejector.
As a result, firearms that primarily use brass-cased ammunition generally experience fewer
maintenance issues in these areas.

Reloadability: The Cost Advantage of Brass
One of the key advantages of brass-cased ammunition is its reloadability. Reloading
involves cleaning and reusing spent brass cases to create new rounds. This is an
economical option for serious shooters who go through large quantities of ammunition.
The reloading process also allows for greater customization of ammunition, including
changes in bullet weight, powder charge, and primer type, which can improve performance
and accuracy.

Steel-cased ammunition, on the other hand, is typically not reloadable. This is due to the
hardness of steel and the coatings often applied to the casings. The steel is more difficult to
resize and reform after firing, and reloading it can be more time-consuming and costly.
Additionally, the coatings used on steel casings can make it difficult to clean the cases
effectively, further reducing their viability for reloading.

For shooters who prioritize cost savings and are willing to put in the effort to reload, brass
is the clear choice. While steel-cased ammo is initially cheaper, it offers little long-term
value for reloading purposes.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Another important consideration is the environmental impact of brass vs. steel
ammunition. Brass is a recyclable material, which means that spent brass casings can be
collected and reused in the production of new casings. This makes brass a more sustainable
choice in the long term, especially for shooters who recycle their spent casings.
Steel is also recyclable, but it is less commonly recycled for ammunition production due to
the added complexity of removing coatings and other contaminants. Additionally, the
mining and processing of steel have a higher environmental footprint compared to copper
and zinc, which are used in brass. Therefore, while both materials have some
environmental impact, brass is generally considered to be a more eco-friendly option.

Conclusion: Why Brass-Cased Ammunition Is the Superior Choice
While steel-cased ammunition offers a more affordable initial cost, brass-cased
ammunition is the superior choice in terms of reliability, performance, firearm longevity,
and reloadability. The ductility, corrosion resistance, and consistency of brass make it ideal
for ammunition casings, while steel’s hardness and brittleness introduce several
challenges, including increased wear on the firearm, feeding and ejection issues, and
limited reloading potential.

For shooters who prioritize long-term value, reduced maintenance, and the ability to
reload their ammunition, brass remains the gold standard. While steel-cased ammunition
may serve as a budget-friendly option for casual shooters or those looking to shoot high
volumes of ammunition, it falls short when compared to the overall benefits of brass.

References:
• McPherson, G. (2008). Fundamentals of Firearm Ballistics. Paladin Press.
• Hatcher, J.S. (1935). Hatcher’s Notebook: A Manual of Firearms Knowledge. Stackpole
Books.
• Brownells. (2021). The Basics of Reloading Ammunition. Brownells Guides.
• Tann, S. (2014). The Science of Ammunition: Case Materials and Ballistics. Springer.

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The Beretta 1301

When it comes to modern semi auto shotguns, option overload is a thing. Prices range wildly, from entry level to a mortgage payment. Today we will discuss one option in particular that, while expensive, is stacked in the value department. The Beretta 1301 tactical.

When I was growing up, my grandfather was full of one off advice. One such anecdote went as such, “ if you’re buying a gas saver, always go Japanese. If you’re buying a working truck, buy American. If you’re buying a shotgun, can’t go wrong with Italian.” Many of these sayings I have found to carry merit, the last one especially so.

So what makes the 1301 tactical so much better than its peers? In short it’s an addition equation more than anything. Ergonomics, excellent. Aesthetics, that’s a check. Reliability, phenomenal. The same can be said about other shotguns at a lesser price point, but few have all of them.

My experience with the 1301 has been very good in my sample size of 1. The first thing I noticed upon the first handling of the gun was how light it was. Honestly I was not looking forward to shooting it due to the laws of physics. Light shotguns regularly equate to sore shoulders with a heavy firing schedule. However, I am happy to report that the recoil impulse was very smooth, extremely linear, and surprisingly soft considering weight. Color me surprised.

At this point in time, I have shot somewhere in the neighborhood of 3500 rounds of assorted ammunition through the 1301. I can count on one hand the number of stoppages I have experienced. I’ve run it dirty, in the cold, in the heat, and the 1301 chugs through it all unscathed. Basic cleaning and lubricating was the only maintenance performed.

Aftermarket parts for the 1301 tactical are available and usually in stock. I particularly enjoy the Aridus Industries line of products, and have several parts on my shotgun. Be careful though, modifying this shotgun is addicting.

I have had many people ask me for my thoughts on the 1301 tactical. My opinion can be summed up quite simply, “buy with no reservations.” I have found it to be a lightning fast cycling, ultra reliable, and overall enjoyable shotgun to use. It has quickly become one of the firearms that always seems to find its way in my range bag when I leave the house.

Photography by Joe Lutrario

Written by Jim Sanford

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By Mike Millsap

The effects of wind on a bullet’s trajectory are crucial for accurate shooting, whether in
military, law enforcement, or competitive shooting contexts. A bullet, once fired, travels
through the air, and various environmental factors—chief among them wind—can
significantly alter its path. Understanding how wind influences a bullet’s trajectory and
how shooters can mitigate its effects is essential for precision shooting.
Introduction

The study of ballistics, particularly external ballistics, involves understanding how a
projectile behaves once it leaves the firearm and travels through the air. A range of factors
affects the flight of a bullet, including gravity, air resistance, and atmospheric conditions
like wind. While gravity is the most significant factor causing a bullet’s downward drop
over long distances, wind plays a substantial role in deflecting the bullet horizontally. Even
minor wind shifts can lead to significant changes in the bullet’s point of impact.
In this article, we will explore how wind affects the trajectory of a bullet, with a focus on
the physics behind the bullet’s flight, the various wind conditions that influence its path,
and strategies that shooters use to mitigate these effects.
Bullet Trajectory and External Factors

A bullet’s trajectory is the curved path it follows as it travels through the air. The shape of
this path is influenced by several forces, including gravity, air resistance, and
environmental conditions such as wind.

Gravity and Air Resistance
Gravity is the force that pulls a bullet downward as it travels through the air. Without the
influence of gravity, the bullet would follow a straight line. However, the Earth’s
gravitational pull causes the bullet to drop as it moves forward. The faster a bullet travels,
the flatter the trajectory, but the effect of gravity is always present.
Air resistance, or drag, opposes the bullet’s motion, slowing it down and affecting its
trajectory. As the bullet moves through the air, it compresses air in front of it, creating a
shockwave. This results in a loss of kinetic energy and causes the bullet to gradually
decelerate, particularly as it travels over long distances.

The Role of Wind
Wind is another important factor that influences a bullet’s trajectory. Wind can exert a
force on the bullet, causing it to drift from its original path. This effect is most pronounced
when shooting at longer distances, where the wind has more time and opportunity to
influence the bullet’s flight.

Wind can be categorized based on its direction relative to the shooter and the bullet’s
trajectory:

• Headwind: A wind blowing directly opposite to the bullet’s direction of travel. It
reduces the bullet’s velocity, causing it to drop more quickly. The effect is akin to
increasing air resistance, making the bullet slower and resulting in more drop.

• Tailwind: A wind blowing in the same direction as the bullet. This will increase the
bullet’s velocity, causing it to travel further before gravity causes significant drop.
However, the effect on drop is less pronounced compared to a headwind.

• Crosswind: A wind that blows perpendicular to the bullet’s direction of travel. This
type of wind can deflect the bullet sideways, causing it to miss the intended target
laterally. Crosswinds are often the most challenging to account for, especially when
shooting at long distances.

• Variable Wind: Wind that changes speed and direction during the bullet’s flight.
This is particularly difficult to predict and account for, as a changing wind can cause
unpredictable shifts in the bullet’s path.

Each of these wind conditions can affect the bullet in different ways, and understanding
these influences is crucial for accurate shooting.

The Physics of Wind on Bullet Trajectory
To understand the effects of wind on a bullet’s flight, we need to delve into the basic
physics that govern projectile motion. When a bullet is fired, it is subject to several forces
that alter its path.

Wind as a Lateral Force
Wind acts as a lateral force on a bullet. For simplicity, let’s consider a crosswind that blows
at a constant speed perpendicular to the direction of the bullet. The bullet experiences a
force that pushes it sideways, deflecting it from its intended path. The magnitude of this
deflection depends on several factors:

• Bullet Speed: Faster bullets are less affected by wind because they spend less time
in the air, reducing the opportunity for the wind to act on them. Conversely, slower
bullets are more susceptible to wind drift.

• Wind Speed: The stronger the wind, the greater the lateral force it exerts on the
bullet. Even moderate wind speeds can have a significant effect on the bullet’s
trajectory over long distances.

• Distance: The longer the bullet travels, the greater the time it is exposed to the
wind. Therefore, wind has a more substantial effect at longer ranges.

Wind and Bullet Drop

While wind primarily causes lateral drift, it can also impact the bullet’s vertical trajectory
in certain conditions. For example, a strong headwind can increase the bullet’s time in the
air, leading to more pronounced vertical drop due to gravity. A tailwind, on the other hand,
may reduce the bullet’s drop because it increases the bullet’s forward velocity.

Mitigation Techniques for Wind Drift
Given the significant impact wind can have on a bullet’s trajectory, shooters employ various
strategies to mitigate wind drift and improve accuracy. These strategies range from
understanding wind patterns to adjusting the rifle’s sights or even the shooter’s position.

Wind Reading
One of the most important skills for a shooter is the ability to read the wind. Successful
shooters can analyze the wind’s speed, direction, and consistency to predict how it will
affect their shots. There are several methods for reading the wind:

• Observing Wind Indicators: Shooters can use flags, trees, grass, or even dust to
gauge wind speed and direction. By paying attention to how these indicators move,
shooters can get a sense of the wind’s behavior at different distances.

• Mirage: Mirage is the shimmering effect caused by heated air near the ground, often
seen in hot environments. The movement of the mirage can indicate the direction
and strength of the wind. While it’s not as accurate as other methods, mirage can
provide valuable insight into the wind’s behavior at long distances.

• Wind Flags: Many shooting ranges provide wind flags, which are placed at various
points along the shooting line to help shooters gauge wind speed and direction.

Adjusting the Sights
One way to account for wind is to adjust the rifle’s sights. Most modern sniper rifles and
long-range rifles feature windage adjustments on the scope, allowing the shooter to
compensate for wind drift. By making fine adjustments to the scope’s windage dial, the
shooter can shift the point of impact laterally, compensating for the lateral drift caused by
crosswinds.

Holdover and Holdoff
In addition to adjusting the sights, shooters can also use the technique of holdover or
holdoff. Holdover refers to aiming slightly above the target to account for the bullet’s drop
due to gravity, while holdoff involves aiming to the left or right of the target to compensate
for wind drift. This is often used when the shooter does not have time to adjust the sights
or when the wind is unpredictable.

Wind Gauge and Technology
Modern technology has provided shooters with advanced tools to measure wind speed and
direction more accurately. Wind gauges and anemometers are widely used by both military
snipers and competitive shooters to assess the wind’s behavior in real-time. Additionally,
advanced ballistic calculators and apps can help shooters predict the effects of wind on the
bullet’s trajectory, taking into account environmental factors like temperature, humidity,
and altitude.

Practical Considerations in Different Environments

Wind conditions can vary dramatically depending on the environment. Shooters must
adapt their techniques to the specific conditions they encounter.

Open Terrain
In open terrain, wind can be relatively constant, with few obstructions to disrupt its flow.
Shooters in these environments rely heavily on wind flags and other indicators to gauge the
wind’s behavior. However, wind patterns can shift suddenly, so experienced shooters
constantly monitor the wind and adjust their shooting accordingly.

Urban and Forested Environments
In urban or forested environments, wind conditions can be more unpredictable due to
obstacles like buildings, trees, and hills. These structures can cause turbulence and cause
the wind to shift direction rapidly. Shooters in these environments need to be especially
attuned to local wind patterns and adjust their shots accordingly.

Long-Range Precision Shooting
In long-range precision shooting, the effects of wind are often most noticeable. At distances
of 500 meters or more, wind drift can cause significant lateral displacement, making it
difficult to hit small targets. Shooters may need to adjust their sights multiple times during
a single shot, as wind conditions can change rapidly at these distances.

Conclusion
Wind is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting a bullet’s trajectory, and
its influence increases with distance. Understanding how wind interacts with a bullet’s
flight path is crucial for shooters, as even small wind changes can result in significant shifts
in the point of impact. While compensating for wind can be challenging, shooters have
developed a variety of techniques and tools to mitigate its effects, including wind reading,
sight adjustments, and technological aids. By mastering these methods, shooters can
increase their accuracy and precision, even in the most challenging wind conditions.

References
• Hatcher, J. S. (1935). Hatcher’s Notebook: A Manual of Firearms Knowledge. Stackpole
Books.
• McCoy, R. A. (2002). Modern Exterior Ballistics: The Launching of the Bullet. A. S.
Barnes.
• Sigler, R. L., & Giesen, D. S. (2012). Wind Effects on Ballistic Trajectories. National
Defense Industrial Association.
• Frank, G. (2017). Ballistic Trajectory Prediction for Long-Range Shooting. Journal of
Military Ballistics, 19(2), 223-231.

Video by Jason Mcdonald

Audio by Jim Sanford

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It really is too bad that Glock already consumed the model designation “22” in 1990 with the release of the Glock 22. Being a full sized frame variant of the famous model 17 (circa 1988) chambered in 40 S&W. Fast forward a scant 30 years and we see the release of the Glock model 44 chambered in 22 LR. The same missed opportunity for synergy goes down like the Glock 45 chambered in 9 MM and the Glock 40 chambered in 10 MM.

Glock has a well deserved reputation for innovation and reliability. They are also in a position to use their prowess and capability to stand the entire concept of a pistol on its head, again. The industry is ready for something like they saw in late 80’s. With their plastic frames and a design that has been built upon ever since.

Leading up to the 2020 release, as is typical of the industry, the hype and marking machine speak of “something new” coming from Glock. There was much teasing and build up starting mid 2019. The Glock 44 is billed as the next big thing. When unveiled and it is as a Gen 5 compact frame chambered in 22 LR the online reaction oscillated between let down and confusion.

Being open to new ideas, our initial judgment was withheld. The concept was studied and considered. Admittedly, it is a nice idea and it might have a place. Picture range day, with just one of those spiffy Glock factory cases. Inside is a Gen 5 model 19 and a Gen 5 model 44. Ammo needed is just a box of 9 MM and a couple bricks of 22 LR.

Spend a morning working on fundamentals of pistol marksmanship with the cheaper 22 ammo. Associate each pull of the trigger with only the recoil of a pea shooter. Then finish with some 9 MM to apply and gauge effectiveness of the training session. Since the ergonomics of the 22 LR pistol match the 9 MM. There are no training barriers to overcome or changes to manipulating the pistol. No recoil induced bad habits have been introduced. All this without even the need to change a holster.

However, does the experienced pistol shooter and long time Glock customer really need this? Consider an every day carry Glock 19 Gen 3. It has a couple of million miles on it and it is just starting to break in really nice. The user might have elected to skip a Gen 4 upgrade for a few reasons. The biggest of which is likely the fact that there is nothing wrong with the tool that they already had.

Also consider something like the Ruger Mark III pistol in 22 LR. There are also millions of these in circulation. Most fill the role of the fun gun on outings or range day with newbies. That newbie will often shoot a couple magazines though it. Then when asked if ready for something bigger, they give the affirmative and rarely look back.

Now after producing millions and millions of pistols, four previous generations, for 30 years. Glock has done a good job meeting the needs of experienced shooters. So the target audience to really jump onto the Glock 44 and maximize on this nice idea, are really going to be new shooters. While the new and inexperienced should be welcomed and given tools to succeed. Glock gave little consideration to their existing user base. Proof of this is seen in the feature set of the launch.

The Glock pistol mag is considered an icon. They are bomb proof, feed well, and set the bar for what a standard capacity magazine should be (15 rounds on a standard G19 mag). This is one reason why you see it cloned, often poorly, by other manufacturers. The form factor is often used in everything non-Glock. From the pistol caliber AR to something like the KelTec Sub2k.

However, the initial 44 release only sees a single stack 10 round mag with a new first, a thumb assisted follower. While Glock reports they are working on a higher capacity variant. It’s worth noting the physical area occupied by a G19 magazine (15 rounds of 9 MM). Will physically hold upwards of 30 rounds of 22 LR. There was no attempt shown to improve upon that round count. This really only keeps that “nice idea” afloat for the new shooters. There is a lot of room for innovation in this area but Glock chose not go above and beyond their competition or serve the more seasoned shooter.

Staying on theme, the rest of the unexciting initial release has no skus with barrel threading, Again, Glock reports that they will have one, but they are not on shelves today. There is no MOS (Modular Optic System) support. The only sighting system supported in the classic polymer sights with no enhanced options offered. Understand that with the slide top being polymer Glock only recommends polymer sights as installing metal ones might damage that polymer. While these issues might be resolved in future releases or in aftermarket. No attempt has been made to compel existing customers.

As expected, range time spent with the model 44 reveals that it is fun, just as expected. The lighter slide is easy to articulate, the magazine is easy to load. Ergonomics aside, the behavior of the polymer steel hybrid slide performs like any other blowback 22 LR. However it still manages to leave the shooter wondering where the innovation is. It is not found in the features, design, or performance. While there are some shooters who will benefit from his nice idea. It is simply too little too late for the majority.

Video by Mike Kovacs

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Talking Guns and www.talkingguns.net Founder Brian Kovacs appears on Newsmax TV to discuss the Constitutional Crisis unfolding day by day in the great state of Virginia.

We talk about the plans of Sheriff’s departments and civilian agencies, as well as the fact that the governor wants to disarm the state of basically all type of Firearms.

http://talkingguns.net #talkingguns #conservative #constitution #rights #government #virginia #news #live #tvshows #tv #tvshow #tvseries #jonathangilliam #briankovacs

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ART OF WAR (Sun Tzu) APPLIED TO BJJ

1.
-When the opponent has made a plan of attack against us, we must anticipate him by delivering our own
attack first.”
-Not an attitude of defense, whereby one might be content to foil the enemy’s stratagems one after
another, but an active policy of counter-attack.
-Supreme excellence consists in breaking the opponent’s resistance without fighting.
“He who wishes to fight must first count the cost”.
-Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.
– “While we are taking our ease, wait for the adversary to tire himself out. “Lure him on and tire him out.”
-The good tactician plays with his adversary as a cat plays with a mouse, first feigning weakness and
immobility, and then suddenly pouncing upon him. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest.
-If your opponent is of choleric temper (easily angered), seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he
may grow arrogant.
-If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.
-Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when
we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him
believe we are near. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder and crush him.
– “Attack is the secret of defense; defense is the planning of an attack.” It would be hard to find a better
epitome of the root-principle of war.
– “Knowing the enemy enables you to take the offensive, knowing yourself enables you to stand on the
defensive.”
-If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.
-If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know
yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat.
-He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the adversary unprepared.
-The secret lies in an eye for opportunity, and in not letting the right moment slip.
-If he can fight, he advances and takes the offensive; if he cannot fight, he retreats and remains on the
defensive. He will invariably conquer who knows whether it is right to take the offensive or the defensive.
-He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight.
– “The skillful employer of men will employ the wise man, the brave man, the covetous man, and the
stupid man. For the wise man delights in establishing his merit, the brave man likes to show his courage
in action, the covetous man is quick at seizing advantages, and the stupid man has no fear of death.”

-He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning, may be called
a heaven-born captain.
-Therefore, just as water retains no constant shape, so in warfare there are no constant conditions.
-So, in war, the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak. [Like water, taking the line of
least resistance.]
-Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory, but let your methods be regulated by the
infinite variety of circumstances.
– “Show no sign “of what you mean to do, of the plans that are formed in your brain.
-Force him to reveal himself, so as to find out his vulnerable spots.
-By noting the joy or anger shown by the enemy on being thus disturbed, we shall be able to conclude
whether his policy is to lie low or the reverse.
– “Know beforehand all plans conducive to our success and to the enemy’s failure.” Rouse him and learn
the principle of his activity or inactivity.
-For should the enemy strengthen his van, he will weaken his rear; should he strengthen his rear, he will
weaken his van; should he strengthen his left, he will weaken his right; should he strengthen his right, he
will weaken his left. If he sends reinforcements everywhere, he will everywhere be weak.
-The spot where we intend to fight must not be made known; for then the enemy will have to prepare
against a possible attack at several different points.

3.
-Hasty temper, which can be provoked is one’s doom.
– “He who lets an advantage slip will subsequently bring upon himself real disaster.”
-Nothing is to be achieved in war unless you are willing to take risks.
– “Cowardice” as being of the man “whom timidity prevents from advancing to seize an advantage,”
cowardice, which leads to capture.
-Recklessness, leads to destruction.
-The merely brave man is prone to fight recklessly; and he who fights recklessly, without any perception
of what is expedient, must be condemned.”
– “Get the enemy into a position where he must suffer injury, and he will submit of his own accord.”
– “If I wish to extricate myself from a dangerous position, I must consider not only the enemy’s ability to
injure me, but also my own ability to gain an advantage over the enemy.
– “If we wish to wrest an advantage from the enemy, we must not fix our minds on that alone, but allow for
the possibility of the enemy also doing some harm to us and let this enter as a factor into our
calculations.”

-Exhibit the coyness of a maiden, until the enemy gives you an opening; afterwards emulate the rapidity
of a running hare, and it will be too late for the enemy to oppose you.
– “If the enemy shows an inclination to advance, lure him on to do so; if he is anxious to retreat, delay on
purpose that he may carry out his intention.” The object is to make him remiss and contemptuous before
we deliver our attack.
-The expediency of aggressive or defensive tactics; and the fundamental laws of human nature: these are
things that must most certainly be studied.
– “The axiom, that war is based on deception, does not apply only to deception of the enemy. One must
realize we can be deceived as well.
-By altering his arrangements and changing his plans, [not using the same stratagem twice.] he keeps the
enemy without definite knowledge.
– “To mystify, mislead, and surprise the enemy,” is one of the first principles in war.
-The advantage of position neutralizes the inferiority in stamina and courage.
– “The way to eliminate the differences of strong and weak and to make both serviceable is to utilize
accidental features of the fight”.
-Further you control, the greater will be the confidence.
-Take advantage of the enemy’s unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes, and attack
unguarded spots.

5.
-Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content.
-If it is to your advantage, make a forward move; if not, stay where you are.
-What they must not do, and what will prove fatal, is to sit still and simply hold to the advantages they
have got.”
– “Those who want to make sure of succeeding in their battles and assaults must seize the favorable
moments when they come and not shrink on occasion from heroic measures.
– “In war, there are various indirect methods of attack.
– “If you see a possible way, advance; but if you find the difficulties too great, retire.”

Written by Joe Lutrario

Edited by Jason Mcdonald

wes-doss-talkingguns.net-talking-guns-talkingguns-go-fund-me.jpg

Legendary firearms instructor and subject matter expert, Dr. Wes Doss is now the victim of a series of medical incidents, including Malpractice and Negligence, that is almost too ridiculous to believe. The worst part is that this incident continues to Spiral out of control and now Wes’ health, future and the continuation of his life is complete unknown at this point.

This is a Call To Action for anyone who can Spread the Word about this Injustice.

https://www.gofundme.com/f/stand-strong-with-wes-doss?utm_source=customer&utm_medium=copy_link-tip&utm_campaign=p_cp+share-sheet

Dr. Wes Doss is an internationally recognized firearm, tactics and use of force instructor with over 30 years of military & civilian criminal justice experience, as well as significant operational time with both military & law enforcement tactical operations & protective service organizations.

Wes holds specialized instructor certifications from the U.S. Army, the U.S. Marine Corps, Arizona POST, the Smith & Wesson Academy, the Sig Sauer Academy, NRA LEAD, FEMA and the Department of State. Wes holds a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice Administration and an upper level Doctorate in Psychology, with an emphasis on sports and performance.

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